Aapne kabhi Dunning-Kruger Effect (DKE) ka naam suna hai? Ye ek psychological theory hai jo kehti hai ke jo log kisi cheez mein kam expert hote hain, wo aksar apni skills ko zyada samajhte hain. Simple lafzon mein jitna kam pata hota hai, utna zyada lagta hai ke “mujhe sab aata hai.” Aur jo log sach mein expert hote hain, wo apne aap pe shak karte hain ke “shayad main abhi itna acha nahi hoon.” Lekin ab AI (Artificial Intelligence) ke zamane mein ye theory bilkul ulat gayi hai. Aalto University ki ek nayi AI research study ne bataya ke jab log AI tools jaise ChatGPT use karte hain, toh unmein ek reverse Dunning-Kruger Effect dekha gaya. Matlab jinke paas zyada AI knowledge thi, wo aur zyada overconfident ho gaye! Yani ke, AI ke sath kaam karte hue sabhi users chahe beginner ho ya expert apni performance ko asal se zyada samajhne lage. Is AI psychology research ne ye dikhaya ke hum Artificial Intelligence par itna trust karne lag gaye hain ke hum apne judgement aur decision-making pe doubt nahi karte.
Aapne kabhi Dunning-Kruger Effect (DKE) ka naam suna hai? Ye ek psychological theory hai jo kehti hai ke jo log kisi cheez mein kam expert hote hain, wo aksar apni skills ko zyada samajhte hain. Simple lafzon mein jitna kam pata hota hai, utna zyada lagta hai ke “mujhe sab aata hai.” Aur jo log sach mein expert hote hain, wo apne aap pe shak karte hain ke “shayad main abhi itna acha nahi hoon.” Lekin ab AI ke zamane mein ye theory bilkul ulat gayi hai. Aalto University ki ek nayi study ne bataya ke jab log AI tools jaise ChatGPT use karte hain, toh unmein ek reverse Dunning-Kruger Effect dekha gaya. Matlab jinke paas zyada AI knowledge thi, wo aur zyada overconfident ho gaye! Yani ke, AI ke sath kaam karte hue sabhi users chahe beginner ho ya expert apni performance ko asal se zyada samajhne lage. Is research ne ye dikhaya ke hum artificial intelligence par itna trust karne lag gaye hain ke hum apne khud ke judgement pe doubt nahi karte.
Classic Dunning-Kruger Kya Kehta Hai?
Normally, Dunning-Kruger Effect yeh batata hai ke kam skill walay log apni abilities ko overestimate karte hain, jab ke experts apni skills ko underestimate karte hain.
Example:
Misaal ke taur par, kisi ne pehli dafa video editing seekhi aur ek simple YouTube video bana li. Ab usay lagta hai ke wo professional editor ban gaya hai. Lekin jab usay client ka project milta hai jahan sound sync, color grading aur transitions perfect hone chahiyein tab use realise hota hai ke asli skill kitni gehri hoti hai. Yeh hi Dunning-Kruger Effect hai: kam knowledge hone par overconfidence aur zyada knowledge ke saath self-doubt. Aur us waqt insaan sochta hai “mujhe aur seekhna chahiye, there’s always room to learn.”
Research Kia Kehti Hai?
Researchers ne 500 logon par experiments kiye jahan unse LSAT (Law School Admission Test) ke logical reasoning tasks solve karvaye gaye. Half logon ne AI use kiya aur half ne khud se solve kiya. Result ye tha ke AI users ne better answers diye, lekin unhone apni performance ko asal se zyada acha samjha. Professor Robin Welsch kehte hain: “AI ke case mein Dunning-Kruger vanish ho gaya. Jo log zyada AI-literate the, unhone apni abilities ko aur zyada overestimate kiya.”
Cognitive Offloading – Sab Kuch AI Par Chhor Dena
Study ne yeh bhi dikhaya ke zyada tar users ne sirf ek hi prompt diya aur ChatGPT ka answer bina double-check kiye accept kar liya. Isay cognitive offloading kehte hain jab hum apni soch aur judgement ka kaam AI ko de dete hain. Ye dangerous is liye hai kyunki hum apni critical thinking skills lose karne lagte hain. Hum sochte hain “AI toh correct hi hoga,” aur verify karna band kar dete hain.
Metacognition Ka Gap
Experts kehte hain ke aaj ke AI tools humein metacognition yaani apne sochne ka ehsaas develop karne mein help nahi karte. Hum apni mistakes se seekhne ke bajaye AI ke outputs par hi depend karte hain. Researcher Daniela da Silva Fernandes kehti hain: “Humein aise AI tools chahiye jo humein apni reasoning par sochne par majboor karein. Agar AI humse pooche ‘tumhara logic kya tha?’, toh hum zyada critical soch paayenge.”
Final Thought
Ye study humein ye sikhati hai ke sirf AI literacy ya technical knowledge kaafi nahi hai. Humein apne judgement aur reasoning pe bhi bharosa rakhna chahiye. Artificial intelligence humari help ke liye hai, decision lene ke liye nahi. Agar hum AI ke sath actively engage karein multiple prompts dein, answers ko verify karein, aur reasoning samjhein toh hum apni overconfidence ko control kar sakte hain. Warna hum “illusion of knowledge” ke trap mein phans sakte hain, jahan lagta hai ke hum expert hain, jabke asal mein hum sirf AI ke results pe rely kar rahe hote hain. Aaj ka digital daur sirf AI literacy nahi, balkay AI humility bhi mangta hai.